Answer:
1. Man for whom the New World was named --- Amerigo Vespucci
2. Ruler of the Aztecs --- Moctezuma
3. Discovered Pacific Ocean --- Balboa
4. His crew completed around the world voyage --- Magellan
5. Conquered the Aztecs of Mexico --- Cortes
6. Conquered the Incas of Peru --- Pizarro
7. Spanish monarchs --- Ferdinand and Isabella
8. Attempted to gain control of Jerusalem --- Crusades
9. Hometown of Columbus --- Genoa
Explanation:
1- Amerigo Vespucci was a Florentine merchant, explorer and cosmologist, naturalized Castilian in 1505, who participated in at least two exploration trips to the New World, a continent that today is called America in his honor. His universal fame is due to two works published under his name between 1503 and 1505: the Mundus Novus and the Letter to Soderini, which give him a leading role in the Discovery of America and his identification as a new continent. For this reason the cartographer Martin Waldseemüller on his map Universalis Cosmographia, of 1507, coined the name "America" in his honor as a designation for the New World.
2- Moctezuma was the last Aztec ruler to be elected. He reigned from 1502 until his death. He met in 1519 the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes, who deposed him and forced him to recognize the supremacy of Spain. He was then imprisoned in his own palace and killed on June 29, 1520.
3- The first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the American shore was the Spanish gentleman and explorer Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, who, after crossing the Isthmus of Panama, took possession of its waters on behalf of the kings of Spain on September 25, 1513, and gave it the name of South Sea.
4- Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese military, explorer, sailor and navigator of noble lineage.
At the service of Charles I of Spain, he began in 1519 the expedition in which he discovered the navigable natural channel that today receives the name of the Strait of Magellan, making the first navigation of European origin from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, called until then South Sea. This expedition, in which Magellan died, became the first circumnavigation of the Earth when one of its ships, led by Juan Elcano, returned to Spain in 1522.
5- Hernan Cortes was a Spanish conqueror who, at the beginning of the 16th century, led the expedition that began the conquest of Mexico and the end of the Aztec Empire, putting it under the domain of the Spanish Crown, creating the colony of New Spain.
6- Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish conqueror who, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, led the expedition that would start the Conquest of Peru. Later he would be appointed governor of Nueva Castilla, with a seat of government in the City of Kings, today's Lima.
7- Ferdinand and Isabella, known as the Catholic Monarchs, achieved the dynastic union between the two Iberian kingdoms, creating the Catholic Monarchy, which in 1512 would be known as the Monarchy of Spain.
8- Crusades were a series of religiously inspired European campaigns, mainly to the Levant and Egypt, which were undertaken by the Western Christianity from the end of the 11th century. It was a war authorized by the Church and directed at people who were perceived to be the enemies of the Western Catholic Church. Crusades were seen as both pilgrimage and holy war commanded by God through the Pope, in order to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Islamic caliphates. Nine large crusades are usually counted during the 1000s to the 1200s, in addition to several smaller ones.
9- Christopher Columbus was a Genoese navigator, cartographer, admiral, viceroy and governor general of the West Indies at the service of the Crown of Castile. He is famous for having made the discovery of America, on October 12, 1492, upon arriving at Guanahani Island, currently in the Bahamas.
