The window jambs or sides of the windows were lined with gold mosaic by the building planners in addition to cramming the windows close together. When light strikes the gold, it bounces off the surfaces and erodes the structure, leaving space for the imagination to envision a floating dome.
One of the first extensive uses of pendentives is the support of the dome by four of them. After St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, the Hagia Sophia has the second-largest pendentive dome in the entire world. There are two semi-domes on either side, one at the altar and the other at the main entrance.
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