When information gatherers employ techniques in a commercial setting that cross the threshold of what is legal or ethical, they are conducting industrial espionage.
A wide range of malicious activities that are carried out through human interactions are referred to as "social engineering." It induces users to commit security breaches or divulge private information through psychological manipulation. There are one or more steps involved in social engineering attacks.
The intruder sends messages to a computer with an IP address that indicates that the message is coming from a trusted host in order to gain unauthorized access to the computer. This is called spoofing.
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