A person reaches Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development when they are 12 years old and can use abstract reasoning. The study's participants range in age from 10 to 13 years,is one of piaget's cognitive developmental stages are all participants least likely to have acquired
As a result, not every participant will have established formal operations. According to the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, children's intellect evolves as they mature. Children's cognitive growth involves more than just learning; they also need to create or refine a mental model of the world around them.
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