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Translation is the process whereby genetic information is transferred from DNA to proteins. It is the most important step in gene expression, the process by which the instructions encoded in a gene are used to produce a functional protein.
The process of translation begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase transcribes the DNA sequence into a strand of mRNA. This mRNA is then translated into a protein by ribosomes, which use the genetic code contained in the mRNA to build the protein. During translation, amino acids are linked together in a specific order to form a polypeptide, which is the primary structure of a protein.
The genetic code contained in the mRNA is read in groups of three nucleotides, known as codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid. When the ribosome reads the mRNA, it adds an amino acid to the growing polypeptide in the order specified by the codons. This process continues until the ribosome reaches a stop codon, which signals the end of the translation process.
Translation is a highly regulated process, and is essential for the expression of genetic information. Without it, the information contained in the DNA sequence would remain inaccessible to the cell, and proteins would not be able to be synthesized. As a result, translation is essential for the survival of all living organisms.
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