In economics, the term marginal refers to the change or difference from a current situation. So option a. is correct.
In economics, the marginal cost is the transition in total production cost that reaches from making or creating one additional unit. To calculate marginal cost, divide the difference in production costs by the difference in quantity. The objective of analyzing marginal cost is to specify at what point an organization can accomplish economies of scale to optimize production and overall functions. If the marginal cost of yielding one supplementary unit is insufficient then the per-unit price, the producer can gain a profit.
A company can maximize its earnings by producing to where marginal cost equals marginal revenue.
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