The theory of cultural materialism suggests that material conditions, including infrastructure and technology,determine patterns of social organization,including religious principles.
According to Durkheim,the reference or object of the ritual is the belief system of a society,which is constituted by a classification of everything in the two realms of the sacred and the profane.Many societies do not make a distinction between beliefs or practices that are spiritual habits and others that are part of daily life.Shamans are full-time religious practitioners usually found in state-level societies.Communitas is the strong feeling of collective unity shared by individuals at the center of a society who define themselves in opposition to the liminal members of the society.Capture religious expression and make it come alive for others as a phenomenon of human behavior,it maintains social inequality by promoting a worldview that justifies oppression.Karl Marx's critical approach called for action to be taken to resolve social inequalities.
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