Beneficial qualities are passed down across generations through the process of natural selection. Natural selection can result in speciation, which occurs when one species gives rise to a new and separate species. It is one of the processes that drives evolution and contributes to our understanding of the diversity of life on Earth.
Nature can give an organism a minor edge over another, and because these favorable differences are heritable, they can be passed down to future generations.
The origin and adaptations of organisms were brought into the realm of science with Darwin's discovery of natural selection.
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