For an exhaustible resource the dynamically efficient allocation is consistent with equalizing the marginal benefits of extracting the resource to the marginal costs of extraction over time.
The optimal allocation, in terms of the dynamic efficiency criterion, is the one that maximizes the present value of the net benefit. The sum of the present values in the two periods serves as the net benefit's present value for both time periods.
Exhaustible resources are scarce and quickly used up. They are often referred to as non-renewable resources. In contrast to renewable resources like sunlight, which cannot run out, fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, oil, and natural gas as well as minerals like iron, copper, and others are exceedingly limited in nature.
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