Zeeman-type spin splitting in non-magnetic three-dimensional compounds: materials prediction and electrical control.
The Zeeman Effect:
The discussion of the atomic energy levels, their transitions, and the related spectral lines has implicitly assumed that the atom is not affected by magnetic fields. The atomic energy levels are split into a greater number of levels and the spectral lines are likewise split when magnetic fields are present. The Zeeman Effect is referred to as this splitting.
The non-magnetic Zeeman effect has only been predicted and observed in two-dimensional molecules, despite its potential for device application. We show that Zeeman-type spin splitting may also occur in non-centrosymmetric three-dimensional compounds and that this splitting can be controlled by altering the direction in which these compounds' slabs expand. We identify the necessary elements for this effect: A general k-point must have the following characteristics:
(i) non-centrosymmetric, including polar and non-polar point groups;
(ii) valence band maximum or conduction band minimum;
(iii) non-time-reversal-invariant momentum; and
(iv) zero magnetic moment.
We do a material screening to systematically look for these systems in the aflow-ICSD database using these criteria as filters. 20 material candidates with the Zeeman-type effect are discovered.
We also discovered that an external electric field, which in turn can cause a metal-insulator transition, can influence spin-splitting in restricted systems. We propose a spin-filtering device based on the Zeeman-type phenomenon in three-dimensional compounds.
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