In his attempt to manage the federal bureaucracy, the president can use all of the following tools Except firing low-level civil service employees for failure to express loyalty to the president.
The president has the most direct influence over the bureaucracies since he appoints the leaders of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the CIA, and many other independent executive agencies in addition to the fifteen cabinet departments. The Senate must confirm these appointees to the cabinet and agencies.
To implement and uphold the laws established by Congress, the President appoints the heads of all federal agencies, including the Cabinet. The Vice President is a member of the Executive Branch and is prepared to take over as President if necessary.
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