M will experience a net downward force, which will cause it to accelerate downhill, while M will experience a net upward force, which will cause it to accelerate upward.
As the same string is attached to both the blocks, it applies the same upward force = tension in the string.
Hence the length of the upward arrows should be the same.
Secondly, the weight of m is lesser than M. Hence, the arrow below m will be smaller than that below M.
This also means that the net force on M will be downwards, and hence, it will accelerate downwards and that on m will be upwards and hence it will accelerate upwards.
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