A. nucleotide monomers are arranged in long chains to form DNA and RNA.
What monomers are DNA and RNA polymers composed of?
- DNA and RNA are polymers made up of monomers known as nucleotides, and they are both nucleic acids.
- Four different nucleic acid bases—guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), and uracil—are joined to a five-carbon sugar phosphate to form an RNA nucleotide.
- A DNA nucleotide uses the thymine base (T) instead of uracil because the sugar at the 2' position lacks the hydroxyl group. For reference, the typical system of numbers for DNA and RNA is displayed here; the prime (') symbol is used to separate the base carbon numbers from the sugar carbon numbers.
- The 5' phosphate and the 3' hydroxyl on the sugar act as the RNA or DNA monomer's two "hooks," and during the synthesis of DNA polymers, a "phosphate diester" group links them. DNA and RNA sequences are typically written from 5' to 3'.
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