Steps 3, 4, 6 and 8 are the energetically favoured steps in a citric acid cycle, and in these steps, decarboxylation and Oxidative dehydrogenation reactions are taking place.
What is the Citric acid cycle?
The citric acid cycle, often referred to as the Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle is a sequence of chemical reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA, which is obtained from carbs, lipids, and proteins, to release stored energy. Organisms that respire (as opposed to organisms that ferment) use the Krebs cycle to produce energy, either through anaerobic or aerobic respiration. The cycle additionally supplies the reducing agent NADH and precursors of a few amino acids that are needed in a variety of other processes.
What is Oxidative decarboxylation?
In the process of oxidative decarboxylation, a carbon group is removed as a result of oxidation processes, producing carbon dioxide. Many biological activities, like the citric acid cycle, depend on them. It is used three times in the citric acid cycle to produce CO2 and convert NAD+ to NADH. First, pyruvate is transformed into acetyl CoA by a complex of pyruvate dehydrogenases. The enzyme Isocitrate dehydrogenase is then used to convert isocitrate to ketoglutarate, and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is then used to convert ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
Hence, in a citric acid cycle, the chemical reactions which are energetically favoured are oxidative decarboxylation and dehydrogenation.
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