EcoRI, a restriction endonuclease enzyme, recognizes the ssDNA sequence 5'-GAATTC'-3 and makes a single-strand cut between the G and A nucleotides.
A restriction enzyme, also known as a restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase, or restrictase, is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near restriction sites within molecules. Restriction enzymes are a subset of the larger endonuclease enzyme family. Restriction enzymes are commonly classified into five types based on their structure and whether they cut their DNA substrate at their recognition site or if the recognition and cleavage sites are distinct.
All restriction enzymes cut DNA by making two incisions, one through each sugar-phosphate backbone of the double helix. These enzymes, which are found in bacteria and archaea, serve as a defense mechanism against invading viruses.
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