The name "endotoxin shock," which is thought to result from the release of a toxin from gram-negative bacteria, provides a therapeutic conundrum for medical professionals.
TLR4 is the receptor that endotoxin uses to trigger an inflammatory response, including rising TNF- levels. Endotoxin activates kupffer cells, the body's first line of defense. In human NASH, there has been noted Kupffer cell activation.
Syndrome of Septic Shock, Endotoxins generated during severe Gram-negative bacterial infections are the main cause of septic shock in humans, which has a startling 30–50% death rate (Danner et al., 1991).
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