The energy released as electrons are passed down the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space creating an H+ concentration gradient.
The transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions is accomplished by a group of protein complexes and other molecules that connect protons (H+ ions) through a membrane.
It is an exergonic method of transporting electrons. Due to an electrochemical proton gradient produced by the redox reaction energy, adenosine triphosphate produced (ATP). Through the exergonic flow of electrons from NADH to FADH2, the chain serves as an energy converter that pumps H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane gap. The gradient of the H+ is likely to disperse on its own when it returns across the membrane. And the ATP synthases are the only areas of the membrane that let H+ enter through.
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