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An antibody or antigen (immunologic molecules) is involved, which may result in an antigen-antibody reaction to produce a positive result or, in the absence of a reaction, a negative outcome.
+ Antigen → primary antibody → secondary antibody → conjugated enzyme --> substrate
An antigen is a signal that lets your immune system know whether or not something is dangerous in your body. Antigens can be found on bacteria, cancers, viruses, and healthy bodily cells. Antigen testing is carried out to identify viral infections, keep track of and screen for certain diseases, and decide whether a donor is an appropriate match for a transplant. Typically, proteins or sugars (polysaccharides) present on the surface of organisms like cells or viruses are considered to be antigens. Every one of them has a distinct shape that your immune system recognises like a nametag to determine whether it belongs in your body.
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