Diplomonads and parabasalids are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria, therefore they make atp using hydrogenosome.
Hydrogenosomes, membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (cells with well-defined nuclei) that release molecular hydrogen (H2) as a byproduct of energy production under anaerobic (hypoxic) conditions. It is called like this.
The unknown protists are more closely related to the Diplomands than to the Euglenozoans, so they must have arisen after the Diplomands and Parabasalids separated from the Euglenozoans.
Although the duodenum is generally thought to replicate only asexually by simple binary fission, the mechanisms of sexual reproduction remain unresolved, and the importance of sexual reproduction in Giardia pathogenesis and epidemiology is also unknown. , evidence suggests that gene exchange occurs.
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