Internal waves are buoyancy waves caused by density variations. They are large amplitude gravity waves that propagate at the interface between two layers of water, one warm and one cool.
Although hidden from view, the ocean's interior is just as turbulent as its surface. The pycnocline and thermocline are abrupt changes in water density and temperature that occur approximately 40 m below the surface. As a result, the pycnocline is a gradual interface between two fluids of varying densities. Internal waves are disturbances that travel along the pycnocline and travel along fluid interfaces. Internal wave evolution and interaction with other waves and structures in the horizontal plane are poorly understood.
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