consider a 5-mm-square, diffuse surface ao having a total emissive power of eo 4000 w/m2 . the radiation field due to emission into the hemispherical space above the surface is diffuse, thereby providing a uniform intensity i( , ). moreover, if the space is a nonparticipating medium (nonabsorbing, nonscattering, and nonemitting), the intensity is independent of radius for any ( , ) direction. hence intensities at any points p1 and p2 would be equal.

The power transferred per unit area is known as the intensity or flux of radiant energy, where the area is measured on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the energy's propagation. Watts per square meter (W/m2) and kilograms per square meter (kg/s3) are the units used in the SI system.

With waves like acoustic waves (sound) or electromagnetic waves like light or radio waves, intensity is most usually employed to describe the average power transfer across one period of the wave. Other situations where energy is exchanged can also be described in terms of intensity. One could, for instance, figure out how much kinetic energy each drop of water from a sprinkler is carrying.

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