The electrophysiological monitoring technique of electroencephalography (EEG) is used to capture the electrical activity of the brain.
Electrodes used in brain sensors are normally noninvasive and placed next to the scalp, while invasive electrodes may occasionally be utilized in electrocorticography. A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a hardware and software communications system that enables the control of computers or other external devices only through cerebral activity. BCI research is currently focused on giving severely afflicted people who are completely paralyzed or "locked in" due to neurological neuromuscular illnesses, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brain stem stroke, or spinal cord injury, the ability to communicate. The various steps that make up a standard BCI—signal acquisition, preprocessing or signal enhancement, feature extraction, classification, and the control interface—are examined in this review of the state-of-the-art of BCIs.
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