The "broken windows" theory, which contends that neighborhoods become more fearful and violent when police pay insufficient attention to seemingly minor public order violations like loitering.
According to the broken windows theory in criminology, cities with visible signs of crime, anti-social behavior, and civil disorder are more "broken windows" theory likely to experience further crime and disorder, including serious crimes. [The theory contends that targeting minor offenses like vandalism, loitering, drinking in public, jaywalking, and fare evasion through police tactics aids in fostering a sense of order and lawfulness.
Social scientists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling first presented "broken windows" theory the notion in a 1982 article.
It was made popular in the 1990s by William Bratton, the commissioner of the New York City police, and Rudy Giuliani, the mayor, whose policing loitering strategies were influenced by the theory.
The notion started to generate discussion in both the social sciences and the general public.
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