The correct option is D; All of these are correct Increases in cardiac stroke volume and heart rate during exercise boost cardiac output, which, along with a transitory rise in systemic vascular resistance, raises mean arterial blood pressure (60).
Long-term activity, on the other hand, can induce a net drop in blood pressure during rest.
Deposits of the "aging pigment," lipofuscin, are normal changes in the heart. The cardiac muscle cells gradually deteriorate. The heart valves, which govern the direction of blood flow, thicken and stiffen.
Heart murmurs induced by valve stiffness are rather prevalent in the elderly. The increased cardiac output is preferentially directed to the working muscles, including the heart.
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