In chemistry, molecular orbital theory is a method for using quantum mechanics to describe the electronic structure of molecules. It was proposed in the early twentieth century. The atomic orbitals combine to form the molecular orbital. The electrons of molecules fill the new energy states of the molecular orbitals in the same way that the energy states of the atomic orbitals are filled.
The number of molecular orbitals produced is always equal to the number of atomic orbitals brought by the combining atoms. Bonding molecular orbitals have less energy than parent orbitals, while antibonding orbitals have more energy.
Bond order is the number of electron bonding pairs that exist between two atoms. A single bond has a bond order of one in a covalent bond between two atoms, a double bond has a bond order of two, a triple bond has a bond order of three, and so on.
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