By causing host cell action to polymerize at one end of the bacterial cell, certain bacteria can propel themselves from the interior of one cell directly into the interior of an adjacent cell, allowing them to avoid extracellular immune response mechanisms.
Adhesins are surface proteins present in the bacterial cell wall which binds to receptor molecules present on the surface of a susceptible host cell. This enable the bacterium to make intimate contact with the host cell, colonize, adhere, and resist flushing. Actin-based motility through the cytosol propels the bacteria through and enables spread into adjacent cell.
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