he reacting substrate carbon atom in the mechanism described in the passage undergoes which of the following hybridization state changes during the reaction? (note: the middle hybridization state refers to an intermediate.)

Enzymes hydrolyze peptide bonds. It does this thru a substitution reaction where the water molecule (this becomes deprotonated by means of the E residue to form a hydroxide nucleophile) attacks the sp2 hybridized carbon atom of the peptide bond. The resulting structure is an sp3 hybridized intermediate; the double bond between the carbon and oxygen turns into a single bond, and the electrons are driven onto the oxygen atom giving it a poor fee. This is unstable and the double bond reforms quickly after, and the C-N bond breaks.

The electron is a subatomic particle with a bad standard electric charge. Electrons belong to the primary technology of the lepton particle's own family and are typically thought to be fundamental particles because they have no recognized additives or substructure

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For most realistic purposes, an electron is a structureless particle with an intrinsic angular momentum or spin. simply two numbers — the electron's mass and its electric price — gasoline the equations that describe its behavior. From this 'sensible electron' version, physicists constructed present-day microelectronics.

By using the best values for the wave length and the scattering by a matter of tough X-rays and ?-rays, the radius of the electron is anticipated as approximately 2 × 10-10 cm.

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