The option (a) is correct - directly proportional
What is an dipole?
When two charges are spaced apart, they form a dipole, which consists of oppositely charged pairs of charges with equal magnitudes. When there is a difference in charges, or more precisely when the atoms that make up the molecule have an electric charge, dipoles are present.
What is an charges?
The physical quality of matter—its electric charge—is what causes it to feel a force when exposed to an electromagnetic field. Protons and electrons, the two types of charge carriers, typical carry positive and negative electric charges.
Therefore, option (a) is correct - directly proportional
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