The lungs' pleural fluid makes the lung walls adhere to the thoracic wall. During inspiration, the diaphragm flattens and tightens, and the chest cavity enlarges.
The contraction creates a vacuum, which allows air to enter the lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm loosens and forms its dome-like shape, ejecting air from the lungs. When you inspire or breathe in, your diaphragm contracts and drops. As a result, your lungs enlarge to fill the extra space in your chest cavity. Your chest cavity can expand by using the muscles located in the region between your ribs. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during inhalation, increasing the lung volume. The physical characteristics of the lung have an impact on both the intrapleural and alveolar pressures. However, both the atmospheric and intrapulmonary air pressures are necessary for breathing—the process by which air enters the lungs during inspiration and exits during expiration.
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