You can think of the two ATP-producing processes as glycolysis, which is anaerobic, and then respiration, which is aerobic (the oxygen-requiring part).
Pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions and proceeds through oxidative phosphorylation, which results in the net synthesis of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic environments, anaerobic glycolysis converts pyruvate to lactate.
The production of two ATP molecules occurs during anaerobic respiration. ATP must constantly be produced during activity because it is difficult for the body to store it and what is stored is quickly depleted. In general, the body turns nutrients into energy in two main ways: aerobic digestion (with oxygen) respiration without oxygen (without oxygen).
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