The inner core is the innermost layer of the Earth. It is solid and distinct from the outer core, which is a liquid.
It is located at the direct center of the Earth below the outer core. The boundary between the inner and outer cores is located at approximately 5150 km below the surface of the Earth. The solid spheroid that comprises the inner core of the Earth is made of different metals, specifically, mostly iron and nickel. Siderophiles, or elements that dissolve in iron, are also found in the inner core.
The inner core and other layers of the Earth were formed during the accretion of the planets in the solar system by the separation of lighter silicate minerals and more dense metallic minerals. The light elements naturally rose to the top of the planet, while the denser ones coalesced in the center and created the inner core.
Scientists believe the inner core continues to form and grow as the Earth cools and parts of the outer core solidify. This growth is not uniform, occurring mostly in lumps related to the behavior of the mantle. For example, scientists believe more growth occurs under areas where subduction is occurring, as it brings an influx of dense, cold material to the core-mantle boundary and cools the surrounding materials.
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