The correct option is option C .
that is, theexcluding people, from a study, who have already died from the exposure, such as for a population representative sample of survivors is an exmple of collider bias.
Collider Bias :
Informed decision-making in medicine and public health is based on valid evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies.
Collider bias occurs when exposure and outcome each influence a common third variable, and that variable or collider is controlled in the study design or analysis. Collider bias can make associations seem real when there is no true causal relationship in the general population. Collider bias can also dilute or obscure the true underlying causality.
Excluding a group of people relevant to the study from the study is just an example of conflict biasor collider bias . This question excludes the deceased from the sample of survivors, so it is also excluded from the study.
To learn more about Bias in statistics, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/24491228
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Complete question:
excluding people, from a study, who have already died from the exposure, such as for a population representative sample of survivors, is an example of:
a) confunding
b) misclassfication
c) collider bias
d) none of these
