Antennas, which are composed of 300 chlorophyll molecules, are highly ordered arrays that are used to capture numerous photons.
Biological Energy Sources. The most prevalent chemicals used by chemolithotrophs as electron donors are hydrogen gas, sulphur compounds (such as Sulphide and sulphur), nitrogen compounds (such as ammonium and nitrite), and ferrous iron.
In the electron transport chain, electrons are moved from one molecule to another, and the energy produced during these transfers is used to produce an electrochemical gradient. Chemiosmosis uses the energy stored in the gradient to create ATP. During chemiosmosis, ATP is produced using the energy stored in the gradient.
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