Allopatric speciation typically occurs in two stages. the first stage is the geographic separation of two populations and the second stage is reproductive isolation.
Topographical speciation, often referred to as allopatric speciation, is the process of speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species separate due to topographical changes, such as the formation of mountains, or social changes, such as emigration.
The species was widely accepted as the fundamental taxonomic unit of evolution during the neo-Darwinian era. a geographic barrier that prevents gene flow and promotes genetic divergence, resulting in the development of new species.
Allopatric speciation processes may result in two related taxa that are physically separated but eventually become sympatric due to migration or changes in the amount of acceptable habitat.
If there is sufficient evolutionary drift in the gene sequences determining mate compatibility over the course of the separation, the species barrier will still be present.
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