The about 100-km broad synclinorium is known as the Tethys Himalaya, or TH. These were created by a sequence of sedimentary rocks that were highly bent and imbricated.
Around 40 million years ago, when India got closer to Asia, the Tethys Sea started to contract and its seafloor steadily pushed upward. Around 20 million years ago, the Tethys Sea totally vanished, and sediments that rose from its seabed became a mountain range.
One of the primary tectonic domains in the Himalayan Orogen, the Tethys Himalaya sedimentary zone extends for around 1500 km from Zanskar to south Tibet. The Indus-Tsangpo Suture forms its northern boundary, and the High Himalaya Crystalline, also known as South Tibetan, forms its southern boundary at the point of tectonic contact.
the Tethys Himalayas, or Tibetan Himalayas, and the Trans-Himalayas, which reach deep into Tibet. The Tethys is at its broadest between Kashmir and the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, where it forms the Spiti Basin and the Zaskar Range.
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