The Northwest Ordinance was passed in order to colonize enormous tracts of land west of the USA's original northern provinces. The main result was the establishment of the Northwest Territory.
It established a precedent that the USA would expand westward by creating new states from those territories rather than incorporating them into existing ones. The Ohio River would therefore serve as the dividing line between the northern free states and the southern slave states because it outlawed slavery throughout the area. Every time a new state was allowed into the Union, there would be a constant struggle for dominance as free and slave states fought to include that state in their respective groups of free or slave states.
Most particularly, its article 6 stated that: - "Article 6" states: "There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, other than in punishment of crimes of which the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, however, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid."
As a result, this article not only forbids slavery in the northwest area but also permits it to continue south of this border (Southern Slave States), and it even has a clause that permits the pursuit and capture of any runaway slaves.
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