The lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus is used by the geniculostriate pathway. The pulvinar in the thalamus is used by the tectopulvinar pathway.
The two visual routes from the retina to the early visual cortex regions are the tectopulvinar pathway and the geniculostriate pathway. The tectopulvinar route transports neuronal radiations from the optic tract to the superior colliculus in the tectum, where they are subsequently sent to the lateral posterior-pulvinar thalamic complex.
The sole visual route found in fish, amphibians, and reptiles is the tectopulvinar pathway, which is phylogenetically older than the geniculostriate pathway.. The tectopulvinar pathway converges at the prestriate cortex, also known as the extrastriate cortex or visual cortex regions V2, where it stops. The prestriate cortex gets significant feedforward input from the striate cortex. The medial pulvinar, which provides connections to the cingulate, posterior parietal, premotor, and prefrontal cortex regions, or the lateral pulvinar, which sends connections to the temporal lobe dorsal stream cortical areas, receives visual input at the thalamic pulvinar nucleus (and in particular, to region MT – a critical region for motion perception).
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