Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, which causes its rotation and catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP.
Moreover, The energy stored in the electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane must also be pumped out somehow in order for the ETC to continue operating. The energy in the proton electrochemical gradient is used to produce ATP.
An electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is used to drive ATP synthesis in the critical process of oxidative phosphorylation. This is made possible by the membrane-bound enzyme ATP synthase.
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