If the shirt costs 25 and the discount is 18%, then the amount discounted is shown as follows;
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{Cost}=25 \\ \text{Discount}=0.18 \\ \text{Discounted amount=25}\times0.18 \\ \text{Discounted amount=4.5} \end{gathered}[/tex]The discount is $4.5.
If 40% of students passed out of 120, then the number that passed is shown below;
[tex]\begin{gathered} Total\text{ number=120} \\ \text{Percentage that passed=0.40} \\ \text{Number that passed=120}\times0.40 \\ \text{Number that passed=48} \end{gathered}[/tex]The number of students that passed is 48