The correct term for the small computer within a smartphone that analyzes the sounds entering your phone through the analog/digital converter is called the digital signal processor.
Digital Signal Processors (DSP) take real-world signals like voice, audio, video, temperature, pressure, or position that have been digitized and then mathematically manipulate them. A DSP can be described as designed to perform mathematical functions like "add", "subtract", "multiply" and "divide" very quickly. A digital signal processor consist main components like program memory, data memory, compute engine, and Input/Output.
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