The archaeal lipid showed here different from phosphatidylglycerol as stable ether bonds join the chains to the glycerol backbone at the SN-2 and SN-3 positions. L-glycerol-3 phosphate serves as phosphatidylglycerol's structural base.
Ester bonds hold the fatty acyl tails of phosphatidylglycerol to the glycerol backbone. Bacteria and Eukarya synthesize membrane lipids with hydrophobic fatty acid tails that are ester-bound to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), whereas Archaea create membrane lipids with hydrophobic isoprenoid lipid tails that are ether-linked to glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P) with the opposite chirality.
While bacteria and eubacteria create membranes made of fatty acids ester-bound to glycerol-3-phosphate, archaea manufacture isoprenoid lipids that are ether-linked to glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P) instead (G3P). The lipid makeup of bacterial and archaeal cell membranes and the properties of their cell walls are different from one another.
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