if the plate area of an isolated charged parallel-plate capacitor is doubled: a. the electric field is doubled b. the potential difference is halved c. the charge on each plate is halved d. the surface charge density on each plate is doubled e. none of the above last name, first name

Voltage is the difference in electric potential between two points, also known as electric pressure, electric tension, or potential difference. It corresponds to the work required per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field.

The derived unit for voltage in the International System of Units is called volt. Work per unit charge is expressed in SI units as joules per coulomb, where 1 volt equals 1 joule (of work) per 1 coulomb (of charge). The old SI definition of volt used power and current; beginning in 1990, the quantum Hall and Josephson effect was used, and recently fundamental physical constants were introduced for the definition of all SI and derived units.

The voltage between points can be caused by an electromotive force or by the accumulation of electric charge. A potential difference can be caused on a macroscopic scale by electrochemical processes, the pressure-induced piezoelectric effect, and the thermoelectric effect.

The voltage between two points in a system can be measured using a voltmeter. One of the points is frequently a common reference potential, such as the system's ground. A voltage can represent either an energy source or energy loss, dissipation, or storage.

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