The first thing that you must see
is that 3, is a common factor of 48, and 243.
[tex]D(r)=48r^5-243r^3=3\cdot(16r^5-81r^3)[/tex]Then we factor by r³, and we get the following
[tex]D(r)=3\cdot r^3(16r^2-81)[/tex]If we apply the difference of squares we get
[tex]D(r)=3r^3(4r-9)\cdot(4r+9)[/tex]Then, the elements that are NOT factos are 3r⁵,7r-16 and 7r+16, so the answers would be a,b,e