In order to find the equation that has an output of 4 for an input of 16, let's use the value of x = 16 in each equation and calculate the value of y:
[tex]\begin{gathered} y=x^2 \\ y=16^2=256 \\ \\ y=x+12 \\ y=16+12=28 \\ \\ y=x-20 \\ y=16-20=-4 \\ \\ y=x-12 \\ y=16-12=4 \end{gathered}[/tex]So the correct option is the fourth one: y = x - 12