Vertical translations
Suppose k> 0
y = f (x) + k, shift the graph up k units.
y = f (x) -k, shift the graph k units down.
so:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Let\colon \\ f(x)=x^2 \\ \end{gathered}[/tex]translated 3 units down:
[tex]\begin{gathered} y=f(x)-k \\ k=3 \\ so\colon \\ y=x^2-3 \end{gathered}[/tex]