Answer:
The entirety of complex systems that provides defenses for humans against disease causing organisms is called the immune system. There are two main ways that the immune system helps fight off disease or build immunity, they are non-specific or innate immunity and specific or acquired immunity. Most of the time nonspecific defenses are the first to block harmful organisms. The nonspecific defenses include - automatic barriers such as skin and mucosa (which is found on the surface of the body) and endothelial cells and basement membranes (which are found within the body). Although this defense is good it can be breached by increased permeability and transportation of the virus in leukocytes. Body fluids and tissues also aid as non-specific defenses because they have soluble viral inhibitors which stop the virus from attaching. There is also inflammation which inhibits viral replication through reduced oxygen tension and acid production among other things. Finally there are fevers, which also stop viral replication by increase the temperature in the body.
The second is the acquired or sometimes called the adaptive defenses. Unlike the innate response, the specific defense are highly targeted to the particular pathogen or harmful organism and can provide long lasting protection by being able to remember the viruses. The adaptive immune system is made up of T and B lymphocytes which are both found in the tissue between the body's cells and antibodies which are in the blood and other bodily fluids. Additionally, there are two types of adaptive responses: cell-mediated response and the other humoral immune response. The T cells are produced in bone marrow and travel to bloodstream, their main jobs are to detect cells infected by viruses or tumorous cells and destroy them, send chemical messengers to activate the other immune and start the adaptive system, and finally become the memory cells and remember which germs were killed and be ready to activate the adaptive response that works for that specific germ right away or within days. The B cells (which get the name B from "bone" marrow ) are activated by T helper cells. The T helper cells contact B cells that match the germs, then the B cells multipliess and changes into plasma cells. These plasma cells very quickly produce large amounts of antibodies and then release that into the blood, the antibodies attack only the specific germ in the body because the those were the type of B cells that was activated. Finally there are the antibodies, they neutralized germs by attaching directly to the surface of the viruses or bacteria which stops the pathogen from attaching to another cell. Antibodies also activate other immune cells by locking onto their surfaces and helping them better be able to fight germs. Finally the antibodies activate proteins that help the immune system response.
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