a) We can compare the functions about their transformations, there are some rules of translation/transformation:
*f(x)+b shifts the function b units upward
*f(x)-b shifts the function b units downward
f(x+b) shifts the function b units to the left
f(x-b) shifts the function b units to the right
-f(x) reflects the function in the x-axis.
By this, we can say that g(x) is 3 units upward f(x). h(x) is 4 units upward f(x).
k(x) is 1 unit downward f(x).
b) By the same rules, we can say that (x) is translated 2 units to the left.
s(x) is translated 4 units to the left.
q(x) is translated 2 units to the right.
