Disenfranchisement is the legal term for when a government prevents a person from voting, either temporarily or permanently.
Disenfranchising voters includes denying them the opportunity to exercise their right to vote under the 15th amendment. Sadly, disenfranchisement strategies have been used throughout American history, including poll taxes, literacy tests, felony disenfranchisement, and other methods of robbing people of their right to vote. These initiatives, which were largely aimed at African Americans, were a crucial component of the Jim Crow system of segregation in the South. The majority of African Americans have just been able to fully enjoy their civic freedoms as citizens since the Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965. The federal protections for the right to vote have sadly been steadily eroding over the past 55 years.
Knowing this history helps us better understand the current tactics used to prevent Black, Latinx, and Native peoples from exercising their right to vote, such as voter intimidation, partisan electoral rulings, the repeal of state motor voter laws, the use of criminal justice debt as an excuse to prevent voting, the creation of onerous voting procedures, the scrubbing of voter rolls, among other tactics.
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