The hot material slowly moves up toward the surface when hotter than its surrounding material deep within the earth.
The internal heat of the earth causes the rocks surrounding it to melt and form magma. This hot material being less dense and lighter is pushed up towards the surface of the earth over the cold material which is denser and heavier.
Although the content of magmas can vary greatly, they typically only include eight elements, listed in the following order of importance: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium. The most prevalent element in magma, oxygen, makes up little under half of the total, with silicon making up just over one-quarter. The remaining components make up the remaining 25%. The primary elements of magmas formed from crustal material are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, sodium, and potassium.
The type of rock that was used to create the magma as well as the melting circumstances had an impact on its composition. Although mantle-derived magmas contain larger concentrations of iron, magnesium, and calcium, silicon and oxygen are still expected to play a dominant role in their composition.
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