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An elevator is a primary flight control surface that controls movement about the lateral axis of an aircraft. This movement is referred to as "pitch". Most aircraft have two elevators, one of which is mounted on the trailing edge of each half of the horizontal stabilizer. When a manual or autopilot control input is made, the elevators move up or down as appropriate. In most installations, the elevators move symmetrically but, in some fly-by-wire controlled aircraft, they move differentially when required to meet the control input demands. Some aircraft types have provisions to "disconnect" the right and left elevators from one another in the event of a control surface jam while other types use different hydraulic systems to power the left and right elevator to ensure at least one surface is operational in the event of hydraulic system failure.

The elevators respond to a forward or aft movement of the control column or control stick. When the pilot moves the controls forward, the elevator surface is deflected downwards. This increases the camber of the horizontal stabilizer resulting in an increase in lift. The additional lift on the tail surface causes rotation around the lateral axis of the aircraft and results in a nose down change in aircraft attitude. The opposite occurs with an aft movement of the flight deck controls.

How elevators work

The horizontal stabilizers at the rear of the fuselage provide stability and help to keep the aircraft level in flight. The elevators work in pairs and can be moved up or down to vary the force generated by the surface of the tail. Subsequently, this process controls the pitching motion of the plane.

Moving the elevators upward increases down force on the tail to push it down and brings the nose of the plane up, allowing it to climb. They will be deployed upward during take-off.

With the elevators down, lift is increased on the tail, pushing it up and bringing the aircraft’s nose down. This will cause the plane to descend, as when preparing for landing.

Traction Elevator

This elevator has ropes that pass over a wheel attached to an electric motor located above the shaft. The main function of the ropes is to raise and lower the elevator car. It can be used for both mid and high-rise applications and can travel much faster than hydraulic elevators.

Like other elevator types, this system uses a counterweight, which eliminates the weight of the occupants and the car so that the motor has an easier job moving the elevator load.

Hydraulic Elevator

Hydraulic elevators are normally given support by a bottom-placed piston. The purpose is to push the elevator car up while an electric motor forces hydraulic fluid down the piston. When it’s time for the elevator to come down, the valve releases the hydraulic fluid from the piston. This type of elevator is mostly used in 2 to 8 story buildings and can only travel at a maximum speed of 200 ft per minute. Below is a further breakdown of hydraulic elevators:

Machine-Room-Less (MRL) Elevator

Most elevators are designed with a machine room located above the elevator shaft. This type of elevator has a machine fitted in the override space, and it can only be accessed through the top of the elevator car whenever maintenance is required. This type of elevator can only travel a distance of 250 feet with speeds of up to 500 feet per minute.

MRL elevators are gaining popularity with mid-rise buildings because they conserve energy and require less room during construction.

Vacuum (Air Driven) Home Elevator

Introduced to the elevator community in 2005, vacuum elevators do not use any cables or pulley system to operate. These Air-Driven elevators operate based on the natural laws of physics. Constructed with polycarbonate and aluminium materials, this lift system is basically a tube in a sealed vacuum. The air beneath and above the elevator car is what facilitates movement

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